Approving an agent's action is not authorizing it.
An agent workflow that pauses for human approval and then resumes looks safe — a person clicked approve. But the approval decision and the authority the resumed step runs under are two different objects, and most systems conflate them by carrying the approval as an in-band signal the resumed call trusts. That is a confused-deputy bug: a forged resume, a replayed request, or an approval granted at one gate authorizes an action it was never meant to. The fix is to stop transporting approval and start deriving authority from the trusted approval record at resume time, scoped to the exact suspended step — capabilities enforced at the tool boundary, fail-closed by default.